RIP is an Open Standard Protocol based on a version that was developed at the University of California at Berkeley and was officially defined in June 1988 under Request for Comment (RFC) 1058. RIP is relatively simple distance routing protocol categorized under the family if IGP’s meaning that it performs routing within a single Autonomous System.
RIP uses hop counts as its metric to calculate the distance between the source and the destination network. Each router in a RIP network is counted as one hop. RIP implements a maximum hop count of 15. This means that a packet will never pass through more than 15 routers, because it will be discarded by the sixteenth. By using a maximum hop count, a packet will never be used in an environment that has 2 segments separated by more than 15 routers.
RIP operates by automatically sending routing updates every 30 seconds and whenever the routing table changes. A RIP update contains an entire copy of the router’s routing table. When a router receives a routing update it updates its routing table to reflect the changes.
RIP works well in small networks, but it is inefficient on large networks with slow WAN links or on networks with a large numbers of routers installed.
RIP Timers
• Routing update timer
The routing update timer is defined as the time between which routing table updates are sent to neighboring routers. A RIP routing table update sends a copy of the entire routing table to its neighbors and not just the table changes. The routing update timer is set to happen every 30 seconds.
• Route timeout timer
The router maintains a timeout timer for each entry in the routing table, which is 90 seconds by default. If a router has an entry for a particular destination network and it has not received an update about this network in a specified amount of time, the router will assume that this route has become invalid. When this expires, the router will send an update to its neighbors letting them know that this route has timed out.
• Route flush timer
After a route for a destination network is timed out from the routing table it is not removed from the routing table immediately. Instead the router waits till the flush timer (its default value is 240 seconds), which is the amount of time between when a route has become invalid and the time it’s actually removed from the routing table.
Lab Practice:
Procedure
1. Configuring & Assigning the IP addresses on the routers R1 and R2.
2. Check the routing table on both the routers.
3. Enable the RIP protocol on both the routers so that hosts on the both routers can communicate with each other.
4. Verifying the Routing protocols on the Router.
5. Check the routing table on both routers after enabling the RIP on both sides.
6. Verifying the connection of both hosts.
Configuration:
Step 1 (A): Assigning the IP addresses on the Ethernet & Serial Interfaces of Router R1 as shown in the figure
Step 1 (B): Assigning the IP addresses on the Ethernet & Serial Interfaces of Router R2 as shown in the figure
Step2 (A): Check the Routing table of the Router R1.
R1#sh ip route
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet 0
C 15.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial 0
Step2 (B): Check the Routing table of the Router R2.
R2#sh ip route
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet 0
C 15.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial 0
Step3 (A): Enable the RIP protocol on the Router R1
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 15.0.0.0
Step3 (B): Enable the RIP protocol on the Router R2
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 15.0.0.0
Step4 (A): Check the Routing protocol on the Router R1.
R1#show ip protocols
Routing protocol is “RIP”
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next ds, Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240.
Routing for network:
10.0.0.0
15.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
15.0.0.2 120 00:00:26
Distance: (default is 120)
Step4 (B): Check the Routing protocol on the Router R2
R2#show ip protocols
Routing protocol is “rip”
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 3 seconds, Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240.
Routing for network:
15.0.0.0
20.0.0.0
Step5 (A): Check the Routing table of the Router R1 after enabling RIP.
R1#sh ip route
R 20.0.0.0/8[120/1] via 15.0.0.2, 00:00:19, Serial 0
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet 0
C 15.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial 0
Step5 (B): Check the Routing table of Router R2 after enabling RIP.
R2#sh ip route
C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet 0
R 10.0.0.0/8[120/1] 15.0.0.1, 00:00:22, Serial 0
C 15.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial 0
Step 6: Verifying the connection of Host ‘A’ & Host ‘B’.
C:\>ping 20.0.0.1
Pinging 20.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data.
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